Manual com orientações para pacientes: cirurgias cardíacas com pós operatório imediato em UTI / Manual with guidelines for patients: cardiac surgeries with immediate postoperative period in the ICU

Preparamos este manual para que você fique por dentro de tudo que vai acontecer durante seu tratamento. Aqui você encontrará as rotinas e os cuidados necessários antes, durante e após a sua cirurgia, com todas as informações para passar por esse momento com tranquilidade. Fique atento aos documentos e exames necessários. Caso tenha alguma dúvida, entre em contato com o hospital!

Manual de orientações gerais e recomendações para otimizar o retorno às atividades após a alta hospitalar / Manual of general guidelines and recommendations to optimize the return to activities after hospital discharge

Esse manual foi desenvolvido com muito empenho e dedicação com o objetivo de dar orientações e sugerir recomendações para o retorno gradual e seguro do paciente às suas atividades de vida diária e rotina laboral após a alta hospitalar. Esperamos que o leitor compreenda a importância dessas orientações e recomendações, visando uma melhor qualidade de vida e evitar complicações e reinternações no futuro.

Atendimento odontológico em pacientes com covid-19 em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva / Dental care in patients with covid-19 in Intensive Care Units

Este manual é uma produção científica da Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde, com área de Concentração em Terapia Intensiva Adulto, da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Maranhão. O principal objetivo é orientar a equipe multiprofissional acerca dos cuidados necessários com a saúde bucal dos pacientes em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva, e discorrer sobre o Atendimento Odontológico em UTI em tempos de pandemia da Covid-19.

Manual de monitorização do volume prescrito e infundido em terapia nutricional enteral / Manual for monitoring the volume prescribed and infused in enteral nutritional therapy

Esse Manual foi elaborado com a intenção de orientá-lo, quanto a importância do controle do prescrito e infundido na terapia nutricional enteral. Contém informações bem simples e seguras e que abrange toda a equipe multiprofissional.

Aspects of dental care for patients hospitalized in a medical clinic from a university hospital / Aspectos da assistência odontológica a pacientes internados em clínica médica de um hospital universitário

INTRODUCTION: The current context of multiprofessional approach in health is based on quality of care and patient safety, with the key contribution of the dentist in the hospital team to improve the health of hospitalized patients. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the systemic and buccal profile of patients treated in a medical clinic of a University Hospital from the Brazilian Public Health System, aiming to provide information for guiding dental care in the multidisciplinary attendance in the hospital setting. METHODS: Retrospective observational study carried out on 104 clinical records with data collection about general characteristics, systemic alterations, habits, oral situation and dental treatments of hospitalized patients attended by the dentist. RESULTS: There was a high frequency of hypertensive patients (36.5%) and with cardiac problems (33.6%). A significant association between diabetes (60%) and hypertension (50%) in the age group from 60 to 75 years of age was observed. For most patients, the frequency of oral hygiene was less than three times a day (54.3%), without flossing (85.7%). Biofilm (73.3%), dental calculus (70.5%), prosthesis use (25.7%), with poor hygiene (14.3%) and prosthetic stomatitis (8.6%) were recorded. Among the treatments performed by dentist, basic periodontal therapy (71.4%) and exodontia (39%) were noteworthy. CONCLUSION: The high frequency of biofilm presence, dental calculus, prosthesis with poor hygiene and basic periodontal therapy performed during the hospitalization denote the need for dental care with preventive activities.

INTRODUÇÃO: O contexto atual de abordagem multiprofissional em saúde fundamenta-se na qualidade do atendimento e segurança ao paciente, com contribuição importante do cirurgião-dentista na equipe hospitalar para melhoria de saúde dos hospitalizados. OBJETIVO: Caracterizar o perfil sistêmico e bucal de pacientes atendidos em clínica médica de um Hospital Universitário do Sistema de Saúde Pública do Brasil, visando fornecer subsídios no direcionamento da assistência odontológica ao atendimento multidisciplinar em âmbito hospitalar. MÉTODOS: Foi realizado estudo observacional retrospectivo em 104 fichas clínicas com coleta de dados sobre características gerais, alterações sistêmicas, hábitos, situação bucal e tratamentos odontológicos de pacientes internados, atendidos pelo odontólogo. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se alta frequência de pacientes hipertensos (36,5%) e com problemas cardíacos (33,6%). Observou-se associação significativa de diabetes (60%) e hipertensão (50%) na faixa etária de 60 a 75 anos de idade. Para a maioria dos pacientes, a higiene bucal foi realizada menos que três vezes ao dia (54,3%), sem uso de fio dental (85,7%). Biofilme (73,3%), cálculo dental (70,5%), uso de próteses (25,7%), com higiene deficiente (14,3%), e estomatite protética (8,6%) foram registradas. Dentre os tratamentos realizados, destacam-se a terapia básica periodontal (71,4%) e exodontias (39%). CONCLUSÃO: A alta frequência de presença de biofilme, cálculo dental, próteses com higiene deficiente e a terapia básica periodontal executada durante o período de internação denotam a necessidade de atuação odontológica com atividades preventivas.

Oral infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patient with chronic kidney disease - a case report.

Chronic renal patients are more susceptible to hospital complications and infections such as urinary tract infections, peritonitis, surgery infections, and bacteremia, which are often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A case of a HIV-positive girl with chronic kidney disease and with serious oral lesions due to P. aeruginosa septic shock is presented. The patient showed necrotic lesions in the oral mucosa, pathological tooth mobility, bone loss, and hematogenous osteomyelitis in the maxilla. The patient was submitted to systemic antibiotic therapy based on screening culture and treatment of bone lesions by eliminating the causal agent and restoring health conditions. This case report is extremely important for health professionals, since the oral cavity can be affected by this pathogen or serve as a colonization site.

Oral infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in patient with chronic kidney disease - a case report / Infecção oral por Pseudomonas aeruginosa em paciente com doença renal crônica - um relato de caso

ABSTRACT Chronic renal patients are more susceptible to hospital complications and infections such as urinary tract infections, peritonitis, surgery infections, and bacteremia, which are often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. A case of a HIV-positive girl with chronic kidney disease and with serious oral lesions due to P. aeruginosa septic shock is presented. The patient showed necrotic lesions in the oral mucosa, pathological tooth mobility, bone loss, and hematogenous osteomyelitis in the maxilla. The patient was submitted to systemic antibiotic therapy based on screening culture and treatment of bone lesions by eliminating the causal agent and restoring health conditions. This case report is extremely important for health professionals, since the oral cavity can be affected by this pathogen or serve as a colonization site.

RESUMO Pacientes renais crônicos são mais suscetíveis a complicações e infecções hospitalares, tais como infecções do trato urinário, peritonite, infecções cirúrgicas e bacteremia, muitas vezes causadas por Pseudomonas aeruginosa. O presente relato apresenta o caso de uma menina HIV-positiva com doença renal crônica e lesões orais graves devido a choque séptico por P. aeruginosa. A paciente apresentava lesões necróticas na mucosa oral, mobilidade dentária patológica, perda óssea e osteomielite hematogênica maxilar. A paciente foi submetida a antibioticoterapia sistêmica com base na cultura de triagem e tratamento das lesões ósseas por meio da eliminação do agente causal e restauração das condições de saúde. Este relato de caso é extremamente importante para os profissionais da saúde, uma vez que a cavidade oral pode ser afetada por este patógeno ou servir como local de colonização.

Association between pathogens from tracheal aspirate and oral biofilm of patients on mechanical ventilation.

The aim of this study was to detect possible associations between respiratory pathogens from tracheal aspirate and oral biofilm samples in intubated patients in an intensive care unit (ICU), and to identify the most common respiratory pathogens in oral biofilm, particularly in patients that developed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Two oral biofilm samples were collected from the tongue of intubated patients (at admission and after 48 hours) and analyzed by culture with the Antibiotic Sensitivity Test. The results from the tongue biofilm samples were compared with the tracheal secretions samples. A total of 59.37% of patients exhibited the same species of pathogens in their tracheal aspirate and oral biofilm, of which 8 (42.1%) developed VAP, 10 (52.63%) did not develop pneumonia and one (5.26%) had aspiration pneumonia. There was a statistically significant association between presence of microorganisms in the tracheal and mouth samples for the following pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter gergoviae, Streptococcus spp and Serratia marcescens (p < 0.05). Pathogens that are present in tracheal aspirates of intubated patients can be detected in their oral cavity, especially in those who developed VAP or aspiration pneumonia. Thus, the results indicate that an improved oral care in these patients could decrease ICU pneumonia rates.

Relationship between Periodontal Status and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

OBJECTIVE: This study tested the hypothesis that a relationship exists between periodontal disease status and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The periodontal status of 60 individuals admitted to the ICU of the Dutra University Hospital was determined, including measurement of visible plaque, gingival bleeding, and clinical attachment level. Data were analyzed by Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests, unpaired Student's t-test and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS: Patients with VAP showed higher prevalence of periodontitis (25%) than those in the control group (12.5%), but without statistical difference (p = 0.22). After multivariate analysis, risk factors for ventilator-associated pneumonia included diabetes mellitus (OR = 27.76, 95% CI = 1.95-393, p = 0.014), and mechanical ventilation for longer than 10 days (OR = 12.1, 95% CI = 1.65-87.9, p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this study, no association between periodontitis and ventilator-associated pneumonia was found. The presence of diabetes and invasive mechanical ventilation duration (> 10 days) were risk factors for pneumonia even after the adjustment of variables.

Association between pathogens from tracheal aspirate and oral biofilm of patients on mechanical ventilation

Abstract The aim of this study was to detect possible associations between respiratory pathogens from tracheal aspirate and oral biofilm samples in intubated patients in an intensive care unit (ICU), and to identify the most common respiratory pathogens in oral biofilm, particularly in patients that developed ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Two oral biofilm samples were collected from the tongue of intubated patients (at admission and after 48 hours) and analyzed by culture with the Antibiotic Sensitivity Test. The results from the tongue biofilm samples were compared with the tracheal secretions samples. A total of 59.37% of patients exhibited the same species of pathogens in their tracheal aspirate and oral biofilm, of which 8 (42.1%) developed VAP, 10 (52.63%) did not develop pneumonia and one (5.26%) had aspiration pneumonia. There was a statistically significant association between presence of microorganisms in the tracheal and mouth samples for the following pathogens: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter gergoviae, Streptococcus spp and Serratia marcescens (p < 0.05). Pathogens that are present in tracheal aspirates of intubated patients can be detected in their oral cavity, especially in those who developed VAP or aspiration pneumonia. Thus, the results indicate that an improved oral care in these patients could decrease ICU pneumonia rates.

Paracoccidioidomicose na cavidade bucal: relato de caso / Paracoccidioidomycosis in oral cavity: case report

A Paracoccidioidomicose é uma infecção micótica sistêmica, que envolve primariamente os pulmões, podendo se estender para outros sítios, inclusive a boca. Relata-se um caso clínico de Paracoccidioidomicose, destacando a importância da Odontologia Hospitalar no seu diagnóstico. Paciente, 56 anos, masculino, fumante e etilista por 40 anos. Apresentava área ulcerada localizada em gengiva inserida entre os dentes 44 e 45. Foi realizada biópsia incisional de lesão bucal, detectando-se a presença do fungo Paracoccidioides brasilienses no exame histopatológico. A terapêutica médica foi direcionada para a PCM com itraconazol 100 mg (2x/dia) por dois anos. No exame clínico de proservação, verificou-se cicatrização completa da região. A interação do Cirurgião-Dentista com profissionais das diferentes áreas médicas em âmbito hospitalar é importante para o cuidado integral do paciente hospitalizado

Paracoccidioidomycosis is a systemic fungal infection, primarily involving the lungs and may extend to other sites, including the mouth. We report case of paracoccidioidomycosis, highlighting the importance of Hospital Dentistry for their diagnosis. Patient, 56, male, smoking and drinking for forty years. There was an ulcerated area located in attached gingiva between teeth 44 and 45. Incisional biopsy of oral lesion was performed by detecting the presence of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis fungus in the histopathological examination. Medical therapy was directed to the PCM with itraconazole 100mg (2x/day) for two years. On examination of follow up, there was complete healing of the region. The interaction of dentist with professionals from different medical areas is important to the wholly care of hospitalized patient

Asma e doença periodontal: uma possível associação / Asthma and periodontal disease: a possible association

A asma é uma doença inflamatória crônica das vias aéreas caracterizada por uma hiper-resposta bronquial, limitação reversível do fluxo aéreo e recorrentes episódios de respiração ofegante e curta, opressão torácica e tosse. Tem sido associada com afecções bucais como a doença periodontal, a qual parece contribuir para infecções do trato respiratório, tanto por aspiração de microrganismos patogênicos quanto por desencadear respostas imunológicas importantes. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi investigar a possível associação entre asma e doença periodontal, enfatizando o mecanismo de interação entre essas doenças. Foi realizada uma revisão de 50 artigos no período de 2000 a 2015 nas bases de dados Scielo, PubMed, Medline e LILACS. Foram utilizadas as palavras-chave “higiene bucal”, “doenças periodontais” e “asma” e seus respectivos descritores em inglês oral hygiene, periodontal diseases, asthma e em espanhol, la higiene bucal, enfermedad periodontal y asma. Os resultados mostraram o papel das bactérias bucais na patogênese da asma, assim como foi possível identificar o impacto do tratamento medicamentoso da asma na saúde bucal. Sugere-se que há uma relação plausível entre doença periodontal e asma, devido à patogênese de ambas as doenças, uso de medicação inalatória e mecanismo de interação

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the air ways characterized by bronchial hyperresponsiveness, reversible air flow limitation and recurrent episodes of wheezing and shortness of breath, chest tightness and coughing. It has been associated with oral diseases such as periodontal diseases that seem to contribute to respiratory tract infections, either by aspiration of pathogenic microrganisms or by triggering importantimmune responses. The aim of this literature review was to investigate the association between asthma and periodontal diseases, emphasizing the mechanism of interaction between these diseases. A total of 50 articles from 2000 to 2015 was foundin databases Scielo,PubMed, Medline andLilacs. There were used keywords in portuguese as “higiene bucal”, “doenças periodontais”, “asma”, descriptorsin English as oralhygiene, periodontal diseases and asthma and in Spanish as la higiene bucal, enfermedad periodontal and asma.The results have showed the role of oral bacteriain the pathogenesis of asthma, as it was possible to demonstrate the impact of their drug treatment of asthma on oral health. It is suggested that there is aplausible relationship between periodontal diseases and asthma due to the pathogenesis of both diseases, inhaled medication and mechanism of interaction.